Hong Kong Calculators

Annuity Present Value Calculator

Calculate the present value (today's worth) of a stream of regular future payouts, with total payouts and the discount gap.

輸入資料

Fixed amount you receive each period (monthly) in future.
HK$
Annual rate used to discount future amounts (opportunity cost or market rate).
%
Number of years of payouts.

計算結果

Value of the stream in today's money.
HK$94,281.35
Nominal total of all future payouts.
HK$120,000
Nominal payouts minus present value (time-value gap).
HK$25,718.65

重點速覽:Annuity Present Value calculates what a stream of fixed future payouts is worth in total in today's money. It rests on the time value of money — future money discounted to today is worth less, so discounting each payout at the discount rate and adding them gives a present value that is necessarily lower than the nominal total payouts; the gap is the time-value (discounting) effect. This tool uses the ordinary-annuity (end-of-period) model and is the core tool for valuing the 'today's worth' of a retirement annuity, insurance payout, rental income or instalment receivables. It is the mirror of the Annuity Payout Calculator: one infers today's principal from the periodic payout, the other infers the periodic payout from today's principal. The higher the discount rate and the longer the term, the lower the present value relative to the total payouts.

計算公式

Periodic discount rate i = annual discount rate ÷ payouts per year; total periods n = years × payouts per year.

Present value PV = periodic payout × [(1 − (1 + i)^−n) ÷ i].

Total payouts = periodic payout × n; discount gap = total payouts − present value.

$$PV = PMT \times \dfrac{1 - (1 + i)^{-n}}{i}$$

使用說明

  1. Enter the fixed monthly payout you plan to receive in future.
  2. Enter the annual discount rate (your opportunity cost or market rate) and payout term.
  3. View the present value (today's worth), nominal total payouts and the discount gap.

每月領取 HK$1,000、年折現率 5%,在不同領取年期下的現值、領取總額與折現差額

每月領取 HK$1,000、年折現率 5%,在不同領取年期下的現值、領取總額與折現差額
領取年期現值 (今日等值)領取總額折現差額
5 年HK$52,991HK$60,000HK$7,009
10 年HK$94,281HK$120,000HK$25,719
15 年HK$126,455HK$180,000HK$53,545
20 年HK$151,525HK$240,000HK$88,475

理財情境案例

案例一:退休年金的今日等值

劉先生退休後計劃每月領取 HK$8,000 生活費,領取 20 年,並以 4% 作為機會成本 (折現率)。

這一連串未來收入的現值約為 HK$1,320,175,而名義領取總額為 HK$1,920,000,折現差額約 HK$599,825。換言之,若有保險公司提出以一筆過 HK$132 萬購買這份「每月派 8,000、派 20 年」的年金,在 4% 折現率假設下屬公道價;若開價明顯高於此數,就要留意產品的費用與回報是否合理。

案例二:折現率決定套現是否划算

某人有一份每月領取 HK$5,000、尚餘 15 年的固定收入,現有機構提出一筆過買斷。

若他的機會成本 (折現率) 為 3%,這串收入現值約 HK$724,027;但若他手頭有更好的投資機會、折現率達 7%,現值便只剩約 HK$556,280。可見同一串未來收入,對「資金機會成本高」的人而言今日價值較低。是否接受買斷,關鍵在於買斷金額與你個人折現率下的現值比較,而非只看剩餘領取總額。

常見問題

為甚麼未來領取總額會多於現值?

因為金錢有時間價值 — 今天的一元比未來的一元值錢。把未來每期領取按折現率折算回今天,總和 (現值) 會低於名義領取總額,兩者的差額就是折現造成的時間價值。

折現率應該填多少?

折現率通常反映你的機會成本 — 若這筆錢改為投資可獲得的回報率,或市場的無風險利率。折現率越高,代表你越看重當下的資金,現值就越低。可用不同折現率試算敏感度。

這和年金派發計算器有何關係?

兩者互為表裏。年金現值由「每期領取」反推「今日本金」;年金派發則由「今日本金」反推「每期可派發」。若把年金現值算出的現值當作本金放進派發計算器,會得回原來的每期領取額。

折現率高低對現值影響有多大?

非常大。以每月領取 HK$5,000、領取 15 年為例:折現率 3% 時現值約 HK$724,027,但折現率升至 7% 時現值只剩約 HK$556,280,相差近 17 萬。折現率越高,代表你越看重當下資金 (機會成本越高),一連串未來收入折算到今天就越不值錢。評估年金產品或一筆過套現方案時,務必以不同折現率做敏感度分析。

年期越長,現值會無限增加嗎?

不會。雖然領取年期越長、名義領取總額越多,但越遠期的每期收入折現後越接近零,現值的增幅會逐漸放緩、趨向收斂。以每月領取 HK$1,000、折現率 5% 為例:領取 5 年現值約 HK$52,991,10 年約 HK$94,281,15 年約 HK$126,455,20 年約 HK$151,525——增幅明顯遞減。若領取期無限延長,現值會趨向一個上限,這正是永續年金的概念。

相關工具

參考資料

Reviewed by the Hong Kong Calculator finance team. Calculation logic and formulas follow the personal finance guidance of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the Investor and Financial Education Council (IFEC). Results are for reference only; please refer to the relevant authorities for the latest figures.

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