Loan Amortization Calculator
Calculate the monthly instalment, total repayment and total interest of an equal-instalment (amortising) loan, with the first-period interest/principal split.
輸入資料
計算結果
重點速覽:Loan amortization is the process of repaying a loan by equal instalments: the instalment is fixed, but the interest-to-principal ratio shifts over time — high outstanding balance early means a larger interest share; the principal share grows later. Core formula: monthly rate r = annual rate% ÷ 100 ÷ 12, total periods n = years × 12; monthly payment = principal × r × (1+r)^n ÷ ((1+r)^n − 1); first-period interest = principal × r, first-period principal = monthly payment − first-period interest; total repayment = monthly payment × n, total interest = total repayment − principal. Example: principal HK$500,000, annual rate 5%, 20 years: monthly payment ≈ HK$3,299.78, first instalment interest ≈ HK$2,083.33 and principal ≈ HK$1,216.45; over 20 years total repayment ≈ HK$791,947, total interest ≈ HK$291,947. The first-period split shows why the balance falls slowly early and why early repayment saves the most interest. This is a simplified model assuming a fixed rate and on-time payments; actual repayment follows the lender's contract.
計算公式
Monthly rate r = annual rate% ÷ 100 ÷ 12; total periods n = years × 12.
Monthly payment = principal × r × (1+r)^n ÷ ((1+r)^n − 1).
First-period interest = principal × r; first-period principal = monthly payment − first-period interest.
Total repayment = monthly payment × n; total interest = total repayment − principal.
$$M = P \times \dfrac{r\,(1+r)^n}{(1+r)^n - 1}$$$$\text{Interest}_1 = P \times r,\quad \text{Principal}_1 = M - \text{Interest}_1$$$$\text{Total} = M \times n,\quad \text{Interest} = \text{Total} - P$$使用說明
- Enter the loan principal.
- Enter the annual rate and repayment term.
- View the monthly payment, total repayment, total interest and the first-period interest/principal split.
以本金 HK$500,000、年利率 5% 為例,不同還款年期對應的每月供款、總還款額、總利息與首期本息拆分對照表
| 還款年期 | 每月供款 | 總還款額 | 總利息 | 首期利息 / 本金 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 年 | HK$5,303.28 | HK$636,393 | HK$136,393 | HK$2,083 / HK$3,220 |
| 15 年 | HK$3,953.97 | HK$711,714 | HK$211,714 | HK$2,083 / HK$1,871 |
| 20 年 | HK$3,299.78 | HK$791,947 | HK$291,947 | HK$2,083 / HK$1,216 |
| 30 年 | HK$2,684.11 | HK$966,279 | HK$466,279 | HK$2,083 / HK$601 |
理財情境案例
本金拆分隨時間翻轉:同一筆貸款、不同階段
以本金 HK$500,000、年利率 5%、20 年期 (每月供款約 HK$3,299.78) 為例,追蹤同一筆供款中利息與本金的比例變化。
第 1 期:利息 HK$2,083.33、本金 HK$1,216.45 (利息佔約 63%);第 60 期:利息 HK$1,745.12、本金 HK$1,554.66;第 120 期 (中段):利息 HK$1,304.59、本金 HK$1,995.18,本金已反超利息;第 240 期 (最後):利息僅 HK$13.69、本金 HK$3,286.09。
同樣的月供,早期近三分之二付利息、後期幾乎全數還本金。這解釋了為何供款初期結欠減得慢。
啟示:若能在早期額外還本金,節省的利息最可觀 — 因為早期的本金要背負最長時間的利息。
縮短年期 vs 減輕月供的取捨
陳先生借入 HK$500,000、年利率 5%,在 15 年與 30 年之間抉擇。
15 年:每月供款約 HK$3,953.97,總利息約 HK$211,714;30 年:每月供款約 HK$2,684.11,總利息約 HK$466,279。
選 30 年每月輕鬆約 HK$1,270,但 30 年間總利息多付約 HK$254,565 — 幾乎是本金的一半。
取捨:若現金流許可,較短年期能大幅省息;若首要是控制月供壓力,則拉長年期,但要意識到長期利息成本。
常見問題
為甚麼還款初期本金減少得那麼慢?
等額本息貸款每期供款固定,利息按當期結欠計算。還款初期結欠最高,故供款中大部分用來繳付利息,只有小部分抵扣本金;隨結欠下降,利息減少、本金佔比逐漸上升。這正是首期本息拆分想展示的重點。
提早還款可以省多少利息?
由於利息按結欠計算,任何額外還款都會直接減少本金,之後每期的利息也隨之下降,長遠可省下可觀利息並縮短年期。本工具未直接計算提早還款,但從首期本息比例可見早期多還本金的節省效果最明顯。
攤還計算器和按揭計算器有何分別?
攤還是通用的等額本息還款模型,適用於各類分期貸款;按揭計算器則專為樓宇貸款而設,可能額外考慮首期成數、按揭保險或印花稅等。兩者的核心供款公式相同,本工具著重展示通用的本息攤還結構。
香港的按揭多用等額本息攤還嗎?
是。香港絕大多數住宅按揭都採用等額本息攤還 (每月供款固定,利息與本金比例逐期變化),與本計算器的模型一致。不過香港按揭利率多為浮動 (與 HIBOR 或最優惠利率 P 掛鈎),利率一變,供款或年期就會調整;本工具假設利率固定,若想模擬利率變動,可用不同利率分別試算作參考。
本工具算的月供,和銀行實際收的會一樣嗎?
會非常接近,但未必分毫不差。差異可能來自:銀行的計息基準 (實際天數 vs 每月等分)、進位/舍入方式、以及各類收費 (律師費、按揭保險費、手續費等本工具並不包含)。此外若你有現金回贈或罰息期等條款,實際成本也會不同。本計算器適合用來理解攤還結構與估算供款,正式數字仍以銀行的還款表為準。
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參考資料
Reviewed by the Hong Kong Calculator finance team. Calculation logic and formulas follow the personal finance guidance of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the Investor and Financial Education Council (IFEC). Results are for reference only; please refer to the relevant authorities for the latest figures.