Physics Calculators (Page 25)
Velocity, mechanics, energy, electricity and physics tools.
Virial Theorem Calculator
Enter kinetic energy, potential energy and the force exponent to compute the virial theorem 2K+nU=0, total energy and K/U ratio. Gravity K=100, U=-200, n=1 → E=-100.
Net Thermal Radiation Calculator
Enter area, temperatures, emissivity and view factor to compute the net radiative heat exchange between two surfaces.
Joule–Thomson Coefficient Calculator
Estimate the Joule–Thomson coefficient μ = (2a/RT − b)/Cp for a van der Waals gas.
Fine-Structure Constant Calculator
Compute the fine-structure constant α = e²/(4πε₀ħc) and related quantities (inverse α, Bohr radius, Compton wavelength).
Betz Limit Calculator
Compute the maximum extractable wind power and the Betz efficiency.
Gibbs Free Energy & Maximum Work Calculator
Enter enthalpy change ΔH, entropy change ΔS and temperature T to compute Gibbs free energy ΔG and the maximum non-expansion work W_max=−ΔG. ΔH=−100 kJ/mol, ΔS=−200 J/(mol·K), T=298K → ΔG=−40.4 kJ/mol, spontaneous.
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation Calculator
Enter latent heat L, temperature T and volume change ΔV to compute the phase-transition slope dP/dT. Also supports the approximate form estimating vapor-pressure change with temperature, e.g. water 1 atm at 100°C → boiling point changes ~28°C/km altitude.
Larmor Formula Calculator
Enter charge q, acceleration a to compute the radiated power P=(2/3)·(q²a²)/(4πε₀c³). Electron a=1e15 m/s² → P≈5.7×10⁻¹⁰ W.
Planck Length Calculator
Compute the Planck length Lp=√(ħG/c³) and related Planck units (time, mass, energy, temperature). Lp=1.616×10⁻³⁵ m, the quantum-gravity scale.
Boltzmann Entropy Calculator
Enter number of microstates W to compute thermodynamic entropy S=k·ln(W), information entropy bits=log₂(W) and negentropy. W=1024 → 10 bits.
Rayleigh-Jeans Law Calculator
Enter temperature and frequency to compute the Rayleigh-Jeans spectral radiance Bν=2ν²kT/c² and check the ultraviolet catastrophe flag. T=2.725 K (CMB), ν=160 GHz → Bν≈3.8e-18; low-frequency approximation valid.
Length Contraction Calculator
Compute contracted length L = L₀/γ at relativistic speed.