Physics Calculators (Page 2)
Velocity, mechanics, energy, electricity and physics tools.
Specific Energy Calculator
Enter flow depth y and mean velocity v to compute specific energy E=y+v²/(2g) (channel bottom as datum). y=0.5 m, v=2 m/s → E≈0.704 m. Key to critical flow and open-channel transitions.
Hydraulic Radius Calculator
Enter channel bottom width and depth to compute the hydraulic radius R = A/P for a rectangular open channel.
Critical Depth Calculator
Compute the critical depth y_c of open-channel flow (minimum specific energy).
Normal Depth Calculator
Enter discharge, bottom width, Manning roughness and slope to compute the normal depth of a rectangular open channel by inverse Manning's formula.
Weber Number Calculator
Enter density, velocity, length and surface tension to compute the Weber number We=ρv²L/σ. ρ=998, v=1, L=0.1, σ=0.0728 → We≈1371 (inertia dominates, droplet shatters).
Hydraulic Jump Calculator
Enter the upstream depth and Froude number to compute the conjugate (sequent) downstream depth of a hydraulic jump.
Manning–Chezy Calculator
Enter Manning roughness n and hydraulic radius R to compute the Chezy coefficient C = R^(1/6)/n.
Open Channel Reynolds Number Calculator
Enter velocity, hydraulic radius and kinematic viscosity to compute the Reynolds number Re = v·R/ν for open-channel flow.
Torricelli's Law Calculator
Enter the head h above an orifice to compute the ideal exit velocity v=√(2gh). h=2 m → v≈6.264 m/s; doubling the head only multiplies v by √2 (≈1.41×).
Velocity Head Calculator
Enter flow velocity to compute velocity head h_v=v²/(2g), the kinetic-energy term of Bernoulli's equation. v=3 m/s → h_v≈0.459 m; double the speed → 4× the head.
Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator
Enter cross-sectional area and average velocity to compute volumetric flow rate Q=A·v. A=0.05 m², v=2 m/s → Q=0.1 m³/s (=100 L/s). For pipes, channels and irrigation.
Darcy Friction Factor Calculator
Estimate the Darcy friction factor from Reynolds number (approx).