Break-Even Point Calculator
From fixed cost, price and variable cost, compute contribution per unit, contribution margin and the break-even units and revenue.
輸入資料
計算結果
重點速覽:contribution per unit = price - variable cost; contribution margin = contribution / price; break-even units = fixed cost / contribution per unit; break-even revenue = break-even units x price. Example: fixed 50k, price 200, variable 120 → contribution 80, margin 40%, break-even 625 units / HK$125,000. Below it you lose; above it each unit adds HK$80. It assumes one product and constant costs; it shows the floor, not the target profit. WARNING: Multi-product mixes and step costs change the result. Education only, not advice.
計算公式
每單位邊際貢獻 = 售價 − 單位變動成本。
盈虧平衡銷量 = 固定成本 ÷ 每單位邊際貢獻。
盈虧平衡營業額 = 盈虧平衡銷量 × 售價。
$$\text{CM} = P - V$$$$Q_{\text{BE}} = \dfrac{FC}{P - V}$$$$R_{\text{BE}} = Q_{\text{BE}} \times P$$使用說明
- Enter the fixed cost, price per unit and variable cost per unit.
- View contribution per unit, the margin, and break-even units and revenue.
以固定成本 HK$100,000、售價 HK$50 為例,不同單位變動成本對應的盈虧平衡點對照表
| 單位變動成本 | 每單位邊際貢獻 | 邊際貢獻率 | 盈虧平衡銷量 | 盈虧平衡營業額 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HK$20 | HK$30 | 60% | 3,334 件 | HK$166,667 |
| HK$25 | HK$25 | 50% | 4,000 件 | HK$200,000 |
| HK$30 | HK$20 | 40% | 5,000 件 | HK$250,000 |
| HK$35 | HK$15 | 30% | 6,667 件 | HK$333,333 |
| HK$40 | HK$10 | 20% | 10,000 件 | HK$500,000 |
固定成本與售價不變,單位變動成本越高,邊際貢獻越薄,打和所需的銷量與營業額就越大 — 變動成本由 20 升到 40 (售價 50 不變),打和銷量由 3,334 件暴增到 10,000 件,足足多三倍。這說明控制變動成本、或提高售價以維持健康的邊際貢獻率,是壓低打和門檻的關鍵。
理財情境案例
小店開業:固定成本 30 萬、售價 120、變動成本 70
某餐飲小店每月固定成本 (租金、底薪、牌費等) 為 HK$300,000,每份套餐售價 HK$120,每份的變動成本 (食材、包裝) 為 HK$70。每份邊際貢獻 = 120 − 70 = HK$50,邊際貢獻率 ≈ 41.67%。
盈虧平衡銷量 = 300,000 ÷ 50 = 6,000 份,盈虧平衡營業額 = 6,000 × 120 = HK$720,000。也就是說,這家店每月要賣出 6,000 份套餐 (以 30 天計,約每天 200 份) 才能打和。老闆可用這個數字檢視:以現有座位與人流,每天 200 份是否做得到?若明顯做不到,就要重新檢視定價、成本結構或營運規模,而不是開業後才發現長期虧損。(數字為便於說明的假設值。)
定價陷阱:售價等於變動成本,永遠無法打和
某商戶為求走量,把售價壓到 HK$40,但每件變動成本也正好是 HK$40。此時每件邊際貢獻 = 40 − 40 = HK$0。
邊際貢獻為零意味著:每賣一件,收入剛好抵銷該件的變動成本,完全沒有餘額去攤分那 HK$80,000 的固定成本。無論賣多少件,固定成本都無法被覆蓋 — 打和銷量在數學上是『固定成本 ÷ 0』,即無解。本工具會把打和銷量顯示為 0,提示這個定價根本不可行。若售價更低於變動成本 (例如 38 元賣 40 元成本的貨),情況更糟:賣得越多、蝕得越多。這個極端例子點出一個鐵律:訂價的第一道防線,是確保售價明顯高於單位變動成本,讓每一件都能貢獻一份正的邊際利潤。
常見問題
What is the break-even point?
The sales volume where total revenue equals total cost — zero profit, zero loss. Below it you lose; above it you profit. It is the basic safety line for any business.
What is contribution margin?
Contribution per unit = price - variable cost; the margin is that as a share of price. It is the money each unit contributes toward fixed cost and profit. A higher margin means fewer units to break even.
How do I use it for pricing?
Raise price → higher contribution → lower break-even units (but watch demand). Cut variable cost → same effect. Cut fixed cost → lower break-even revenue. Use it to test price/volume scenarios before setting a price or writing a plan. Pair with the margin and burn-rate calculators.
Does break-even consider profit?
No — it is the zero-profit point. To target a profit, add it to fixed cost: units = (fixed cost + target profit) / contribution. Always plan for a profit target, not just survival.
Any Hong Kong business notes?
For Hong Kong SMEs, break-even underpins pricing, quoting and cash-flow planning and supports profits-tax budgeting. Keep sufficient books (Inland Revenue Ordinance, generally 7 years). For multi-product firms use a weighted-average contribution margin. This tool is educational; consult an accountant for filing.
相關工具
參考資料
內容審核:香港計算器財經團隊。盈虧平衡與邊際貢獻公式參考管理會計通用原則,並就本地營商情境參照香港生產力促進局及貿易發展局的中小企資訊,結果僅供教學與估算參考。