Impulse Calculator
Enter force and time to compute impulse J = F·Δt (equal to change in momentum).
Input Data
Results
At a glance:Impulse J is the integral of force over time, J = ∫F dt; for a constant average force J = F·Δt. Its magnitude equals the change in momentum Δp (impulse-momentum theorem), and its units N·s equal kg·m/s. A larger force over a shorter time gives the same impulse as a smaller force over a longer time. In collisions, extending the contact time reduces peak force for a fixed impulse — the principle behind padding, airbags and follow-through in sports.
Formula
Impulse: J = F·Δt
J = Δp = m·Δv
$$J = F \times t = \Delta p$$How to Use
- Enter the average force F (N).
- Enter the time interval Δt (s).
- The calculator returns the impulse J.
Case Studies
Hammer strike
F = 500 N for 0.02 s.
J = 500×0.02 = 10 N·s.
Changes the nail's momentum by 10 kg·m/s.
FAQ
Why are N·s and kg·m/s the same?
1 N = 1 kg·m/s², so 1 N·s = 1 kg·m/s — impulse and momentum share units because J = Δp.
How does impulse reduce injury?
For a needed momentum change, increasing Δt lowers average F = J/Δt; airbags lengthen the stopping time, cutting force.
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References
Content review: Calculatorism Science Team. Results are for reference only; please refer to the relevant authorities for the official figures.